June 17, 2024
I took the EX358 exam a few years back and therefore it recently expired.
Since the exam is still available, I decided to take it again to renew my Red Hat Certified Specialist in Services Management and Automation certification and, therefore, extend my Red Hat Certified Architect certification.
This time around, I had the impression that the exam had changed quite a bit from the last time I took it.
While the previous time the exam reminded me mostly of an Ansible certification, this time it reminded me way more of the old RHCE exam (the EX300).
The bulk of the exam was about configuring the various services, while in the previous version, there was a lot more focus on the Ansible part, which is more like the EX294.
It is also true that EX300 was phasing out at the time, but it was still an exam many people had, while EX294 was fairly new.
However, as I suggested the previous time, it is still crucial to be able to perform all configurations manually and with Ansible because you can not know what you will be tasked to perform manually and what you will be tasked to perform using Ansible.
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May 31, 2024
Many strategies can be employed to build resilience in IT systems.
Personally, I think one of the most critical yet overlooked ones - both in personal and corporate settings - is backups.
I recently had to back up a folder containing the state of a service running on a Fedora machine.
As often happens, an interesting aspect of this service is that the backups are consistent and, therefore, restorable only if the service is stopped while the configuration folder is backed up.
Due to the design of this host, I wanted to use Systemd as the backup driver and keep it as simple and obvious as possible.
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April 30, 2024
VPNs can be used in different ways based on the desired objective.
If the goal is to reach some specific web pages served only within a network, using a proxy will probably do the trick.
Another common use for VPNs is to ensure the confidentiality of data transferred between a remote system and a safe site.
In this case, we might want to ensure that all traffic from the remote system reaches the safe site via the VPN.
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March 31, 2024
A while ago, I posted about using SSH to proxy traffic within a Nebula network context.
In the last few months, I changed my implementation because SSH required some steps and accesses that I was not fully happy with.
In the previous iteration, I was using SSH as a SOCKS proxy.
The problem, though, is that I need to set up the connection every time and use my SSH credentials, so it becomes difficult to have it always on.
A different SOCKS proxy software needs to be used to achieve the same result without SSH.
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March 29, 2024
For many years, VPN companies have advertised their VPNs as a necessary tool for all people who want to preserve their privacy.
For the same amount of time, I tried to explain to the people that this view made no sense if not for those company’s sales.
As an example, Onavo, a Meta subsidiary, used to advertise its services, highlighting that, among other advantages, using their product “protects your personal info”.
This claim would not be a problem by itself, but it becomes one when a court finds out that this is not actually true and that new courts documents seem to indicate that the behavior was worst than initially thought.
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February 29, 2024
When I deploy a system, I always try to automate it fully.
There are many reasons for this, one of which is that, in this way, the automation becomes the documentation for the system itself.
Another reason that drives me to automate everything is my preference for clean systems.
Another consequence of this preference I have is that in the last few years, I’ve moved many systems to a Fedora rpm-ostree flavor (eg: Fedora CoreOS, Fedora IoT, Fedora Atomic) with the various services running in containers managed directly by systemd via podman.
I prefer to create container images via CI/CD processes for the same reasons.
Since I use Quay.io a lot, I usually leverage its capability to hook into git repos and rebuild images based on git tags or git commits.
Recently, I needed a multi-arch image, and I discovered that the usual process does not support multi-arch images.
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December 31, 2023
Since the merge of Quadlet in Podman, I’ve been moving multiple services to Podman Systemd services.
I find them to be easy to create, manage, and automate.
I recently migrated a complex system to Podman Systemd, where multiple processes write in a folder, and one process reads the folder’s content.
Before the migration, everything worked properly since all the processes were running natively on the machine with the same user.
After the migration, there were some permissions issues.
This issue allowed me to dive a little more deeply into the whole implementation of SELinux for containers and realize a few interesting things.
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November 28, 2023
In the last month, Meta has started to give their European users a choice between an account for their services paid in data or one paid in Euros.
Today, noyb has filed a GDPR complaint against Meta over this behavior.
Noyb has very good points to sustain their filing, but I don’t want to delve too much into those since those are very well explained in their press release.
I think there is a deeper problem that they quickly touch but do not address directly, which is the interpretation of the kind of right that privacy is.
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October 19, 2023
Over the last few years, I’ve moved many of my systems to Immutable versions of Fedora.
One of the last systems still missing was my Hetzner Dedicated server.
The blocking part for me was that Hetzner is not offering any Fedora or Immutable options.
However, Hetzner provides the Rescue System, which is a Debian system, so it is possible to leverage it!
After rebooting in Rescue mode:
Go to Hetzner Robot.
Select the proper server.
Go to the “Rescue” tab.
Click “Activate rescue system” after properly selecting the Public Key and keyboard layout.
You can now reboot the machine, and after it boots back up, you can log in to the Rescue System.
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October 4, 2023
As it happens every couple of years, my Google Cloud Certifications were up for renewal at the end of August.
I started to look for possible exam dates at the beginning of June since it is possible to renew Google Cloud exams only from the 60th day before the expiration to the 30th day after the expiration date.
Since the system informed me that I was outside the 60-day window, I assumed I had to wait until 60 days before the expiration to book the exam.
So I waited.
The day arrived and passed, and still, I was not able to book my exams.
After a few tickets opened to both Google and Kryterion, they informed me that they unblocked my Google Professional Cloud Architect exam, while for the Google Associate Cloud Engineer, more time to unblock it was needed.
I, therefore, took the Google Professional Cloud Architect exam.
Once that one was renewed, I noticed that Google silently and retroactively increased the validity of Google Associate Cloud Engineer certifications from 2 to 3 years, so I will be able to renew that one next year.
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(Fabio Alessandro Locati|Fale)'s blog