AI Strategy

On sovereign AI

 November 9, 2026

Although AI has become a very mainstream topic in the last three years, the concept of sovereign AI has not reached the mainstream yet. The problem isn’t only its low profile, but also that it is often used as a sovereignty theater rather than real sovereignty. The first thing to realize is that sovereignty is not a boolean characteristic; it is a multidimensional spectrum, and any conversation that treats it as boolean fails to be informative. Although the exact number of dimensions is arbitrary, and different people might consider different ones, I prefer a three-dimensional model.

On buying intelligence as a service

 October 19, 2026

In the last couple of years, most companies have adopted some kind of AI. Most of them have done so by buying API access from a small number of frontier labs. This approach has the lowest barrier to entry and is often the preferred starting point, but it’s problematic because of the huge, unmanageable costs it creates, the shrinking, potentially useless gap in capabilities with open-weight models, and many sovereignty issues.